Candidiasis (Pediatric) References

Last updated: 22 June 2025
  1. Hope WW, Castagnola E, Groll AH, et al.. European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: prevention and management of invasive infections in neonates and children caused by Candida spp.. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012 Dec;18(7):38-52. doi: 10/1111/1469-0691. Accessed 19 Feb 2014. PMID: 23137136
  2. Kauffman CA, Campbell JR. Candida infections in children: an overview. UpToDate. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/candida-infections-in-children-an-overview. Jan 2014. Accessed 20 Feb 2014
  3. Kauffman CA, Campbell JR. Candidemia in children: clinical features and diagnosis. UpToDate. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/candidemia-infections-in-children-an-overview. Jan 2013. Accessed 10 Mar 2014
  4. Pammi M. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of Candida infections in neonates. UpToDate. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-Candida-infections-in-neonates. Jan 2014. Accessed 13 Mar 2014
  5. Pammi M. Treatment of Candida infections in neonates. UpToDate. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-Candida-infections-in-neonates. Jan 2014. Accessed 13 Mar 2014
  6. Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes D, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis: 2009 update by the Infectious Disease Society of America. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2009;48:503-535. http://www.idsociety.org/uploadedFiles/IDSA/Guidelines-Patient_Care/PDF_Library/Candidiasis.pdf. Accessed 19 Feb 2014
  7. Ericson J, Smith PB, Benjamin DK. Candida. In: Kliegman RM. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Inc; 2016:1515-1518.e1.
  8. Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes DR, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the management of candidiasis: 2016 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Feb;62(4):e1-e50. http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/62/4/e1.full.pdf. PMID: 26679628
  9. Taylor M, Brizuela M, Raja A. Oral candidiasis. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Sep.
  10. Bortolussi R, Martin S; Canadian Paediatric Society (CPS). Antifungal agents for common outpatient paediatric infections. CPS. https://cps.ca/. 2019.
  11. Brodell RT, Dolohanty LB. Intertrigo. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/. May 2022.
  12. Campbell JR, Palazzi DL. Candida infections in children. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/. 25 May 2024. Accessed 09 Feb 2023.
  13. Campbell JR, Palazzi DL. Candidemia and invasive candidiasis in children: management. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/. 05 Sep 2023. Accessed 09 Feb 2023.
  14. Campbell JR, Palazzi DL. Candidemia and invasive candidiasis in children: clinical manifestations and diagnosis. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/. 21 Sep 2023. Accessed 09 Feb 2023.
  15. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Candida infections of the mouth, throat, and esophagus. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/. Feb 2021.
  16. Durand ML. Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of fungal endophthalmitis. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/. Aug 2022.
  17. Ferreras-AntolĂ­n L, Sharland M, Warris A. Management of invasive fungal disease in neonates and children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2019 Jun;38(6S)(Suppl 1):S2-S6. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000002317. PMID: 31205236
  18. Horii KA. Diaper dermatitis. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/. 10 Feb 2022. Accessed 17 Feb 2023.
  19. Lodi G. Oral lesions. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/. Jun 2022.
  20. Pammi M. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of Candida infection in neonates. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/. Oct 2022.
  21. Pammi M. Epidemiology and risk factors for Candida infection in neonates. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/. Nov 2021.
  22. Pammi M. Prevention of Candida infection in neonates. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/. Nov 2022.
  23. Pammi M. Treatment of Candida infection in neonates. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/. May 2022.
  24. Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes DR, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the management of candidiasis: 2016 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Feb;62(Suppl 4):e1-50. doi: 10.1093/cid/civ933. PMID: 26679628
  25. Ullmann AJ, Cornely OA, Donnelly JP, et al. ESCMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: developing European guidelines in clinical microbiology and infectious diseases. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012 Dec;18(Suppl 7):1-8. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12037. PMID: 23137135
  26. Walsh TJ, Katragkou A, Chen T, et al. Invasive candidiasis in infants and children: recent advances in epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. J Fungi (Basel). 2019 Jan;5(Suppl 1):11. doi: 10.3390/jof5010011. PMID: 30678324
  27. World Health Organization (WHO). Guidelines on the treatment of skin and oral HIV-associated conditions in children and adults. WHO. https://www.who.int/. 2014.
  28. Vasileiou E, Apsemidou A, Vyzantiadis TA, et al. Invasive candidiasis and candidemia in pediatric and neonatal patients: a review of current guidelines. Curr Med Mycol. 2018 Sep;4(3):28-33. doi: 10.18502/cmm.4.3.173. PMID: 30619967