Giới thiệu
- Most commonly presents as a painless testicular mass or induration
- Occurs most often in young and middle-aged men, ie age 15-40 years
- Highly treatable disease with a high cure rate; survival rate in 5 years is >95%
Sinh lý bệnh
- Testicular primary germ cell tumors (GCT) coming from the malignant transformation of primordial germ cells make up 95% of all testicular cancer; approximately 5% are extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGGCT) and are found midline in the body, eg cerebrum, mediastinum or retroperitoneum
- Pathognomonic for GCT is the isochromosome of the short arm of chromosome 12 [i(12p)]
Yếu tố nguy cơ
- Risk factors include:
- Cryptorchidism – abdominal cryptorchid testes have a higher risk than inguinal cryptorchid testes
- Family history of testicular cancer in 1st-degree relatives (father or brother)
- Personal history of testicular cancer
- Presence of contralateral tumor or testicular germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS)
- Klinefelter’s syndrome
- Testicular dysgenesis